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Scientists count huge melts in many protective Antarctic ice shelves. Trillions of tons of ice lost.

Climate Antarctica Melt
October 12, 2023

Four dozen Antarctic ice shelves have shrunk by at least 30% since 1997 and 28 of those have lost more than half of their ice in that time, reports a new study that surveyed these crucial โ€œgatekeepersโ€™โ€™ between the frozen continentโ€™s massive glaciers and open ocean.

Of the continent's 162 ice shelves, 68 show significant shrinking between 1997 and 2021, while 29 grew, 62 didnโ€™t change and three lost mass but not in a way scientists can say shows a significant trend, according to a study in Thursdayโ€™s Science Advances.

That melted ice, which usually pens larger glaciers behind it, then goes into the sea. Scientists worry that climate change -triggered melt from Antarctica and Greenland will cause dangerous and significant sea rise over many decades and centuries.

Scientists count huge melts in many protective Antarctic ice shelves. Trillions of tons of ice lost.
Climate Antarctica Melt

โ€œKnowing exactly how, and how much, ice is being lost from these protective floating shelves is a key step in understanding how Antarctica is evolving,โ€ said University of Colorado ice scientist Ted Scambos, who wasnโ€™t part of the study.

Scambos said the study gives insight into fresh water thatโ€™s melting into the Amundsen Sea โ€” โ€œthe key region of Antarctica for sea level riseโ€ โ€” that not only adds height to the ocean, but makes it less dense and salty.

The biggest culprits were giant icebergs breaking off in 1999, 2000 and 2002 that were the size of Delaware, he said. The study also looks at ice melting from warm water below.

Ice shelves are floating extensions of glaciers that act โ€œlike the gatekeepersโ€ and keep the larger glacier from flowing more quickly into the water, the studyโ€™s lead author said.

All told, Antarctic ice shelves lost about 8.3 trillion tons (7.5 trillion metric tons) of ice in the 25-year period, the study found. That amounts to around 330 billion tons (300 billion metric tons) a year and is similar to previous studies.

But the overall total is not the real story, said study lead author Benjamin Davison, a glaciologist at the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom.

Whatโ€™s most important, he said, are the patterns of individual shelf loss. The new study shows the deep losses, with four glaciers losing more than a trillion tons on the continentโ€™s peninsula and western side.

โ€œSome of them lost a lot of their mass over time,โ€ Davison said. โ€œWordie is barely an ice shelf anymore.โ€

The Wordie ice shelve, which holds back four glaciers near the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, had a big collapse in 1989, but has lost 87% of its remaining mass since 1997, Davison found. Neighboring Larsen A has lost 73% and Larsen B 57%. The largest of the Larsen ice shelves, Larsen C, has lost 1.8 billion tons (1.7 trillion metric tons) of ice, about one-eighth of its mass.

The biggest loss of all is in the Thwaites ice shelf, holding back the glacier nicknamed Doomsday because it is melting so fast and is so big. The shelf has lost 70% of its mass since 1997 โ€” about 4.1 trillion tons (3.7 trillion metric tons) โ€” into the Amundsen Sea.

The ice shelves that grew were predominantly on the continentโ€™s east side, where thereโ€™s a weather pattern isolates the land from warmer waters, Davison said. The ice shelves on the east were growing slower than the shelves losing ice to the west.

Itโ€™s difficult to connect an individual ice shelf loss directly to human-caused climate change, but steady attrition is expected as the world warms, he said.

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Read more of APโ€™s climate coverage at http://www.apnews.com/Climate

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Follow Seth Borenstein on Twitter at @borenbears

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Associated Press climate and environmental coverage receives support from several private foundations. See more about APโ€™s climate initiative here. The AP is solely responsible for all content.

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