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By Lucia Mutikani
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. business activity held steady in November, but employment in the private sector declined for the first time in almost three-and-a-half years, consistent with expectations for an economic slowdown in the fourth quarter.
S&P Global said on Friday that its flash U.S. Composite PMI Output Index, which tracks the manufacturing and services sectors, was unchanged at 50.7 this month as a modest rise in services sector activity offset a contraction in manufacturing. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the private sector.
The survey's flash manufacturing PMI dropped to 49.4 this month from 50.0 in October. Its flash services sector PMI edged up to 50.8 from 50.6 in the prior month.
Economists expect overall economic activity to moderate considerably this quarter as the lagged effects of higher interest rates from the Federal Reserve start to have a greater impact. Since March 2022, the U.S. central bank has raised its policy rate by 525 basis points to the current 5.25%-5.50% band.
The economy grew at a 4.9% annualized rate in the third quarter. Growth estimates for the October-December quarter are mostly below a 2% pace.
The flash composite new orders index increased to 50.4 in November, ending three straight monthly declines. The modest rise from a reading of 49.0 in October was mostly driven by the services sector, with factory orders stagnant.
The lack of strong order growth resulted in businesses shedding workers, with the survey's employment index dropping to 49.7. That was the first contraction since June 2020 and followed a reading of 51.3 in October.
S&P Global said businesses commonly cited relatively muted demand conditions and elevated cost pressures as the reasons for layoffs, which were across both manufacturing and services sectors. Companies were also implementing hiring freezes.
"Job shedding has spread beyond the manufacturing sector, as services firms signaled a renewed drop in staff in November as cost savings were sought," Sian Jones, principal economist at S&P Global Market Intelligence, said in a statement.
The decline in the employment gauge could be flagging a sharp slowdown in the labor market in the months ahead. The labor market has been gradually cooling, with the unemployment rate rising to 3.9% in October, the highest in nearly two years.
An easing labor market will aid the Fed's fight against inflation. That battle is likely to get another boost from subsiding prices for energy and other raw materials.
The S&P Global survey's measure of prices paid by businesses for inputs fell to 55.7, the lowest level since October 2020, from 57.3 in October. In addition to the lower energy and raw material prices, some firms also reported that a reduction in headcount had eased cost pressures.
Though businesses are still raising prices for their products and services, the pace has slowed considerably from last year.
(Reporting by Lucia Mutikani; Editing by Chizu Nomiyama)
